t-test
A t-test is a statistical test of the difference between two means. The t-test is used to calculate whether a difference we observe is different enough to conclude that the difference “truly” exists (and isn’t just due to chance). For example, the mean math score for students of Teacher A was 78%, and for students of Teacher B it was 81%. Perhaps there is a difference in the teaching methods used – we could use a t-test to determine if Teacher B’s students truly performed better on the math exam.
See also: statistically significant, mean